A sign encourages newly sworn-in U.S. citizens to register to vote outside a naturalization ceremony in 2019 in Los Angeles. After failing to get the now-blocked citizenship question on the 2020 census, the Trump administration is continuing to gather government records to produce citizenship data for redistricting.
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A sign encourages newly sworn-in U.S. citizens to register to vote outside a naturalization ceremony in 2019 in Los Angeles. After failing to get the now-blocked citizenship question on the 2020 census, the Trump administration is continuing to gather government records to produce citizenship data for redistricting.
Information from the U.S. Army, federal prisons and the Department of the Interior’s law enforcement system are among the newly disclosed batch of records the Census Bureau says it is using to comply with President Trump’s executive order for citizenship data, according to a memo the bureau quietly posted on its website earlier this month.
Put together, these records could be used to yield data that could radically change political mapmaking and shift the balance of political power across the U.S. over the next decade.
Instead of drawing voting districts based on the number of overall residents in an area, the citizenship data the Trump administration wants created — detailed down to the level of a census block — may allow mapmakers to redistrict using the number of citizens old enough to vote. A GOP strategist concluded that excluding U.S. citizens under the age of 18 and noncitizens, both those lawfully and unlawfully in the country, from the numbers used to remake political maps would be “advantageous to Republicans & Non-Hispanic Whites.”
That method of redistricting was one of the main uses of the data outlined in Trump’s executive order, which also noted that the information could help the government “generate a more reliable count of the unauthorized alien population in the country.”
Last year, U.S. Attorney General William Barr announced in the White House Rose Garden that the citizenship data “may be relevant” in an ongoing federal lawsuit the state of Alabama and Rep. Mo Brooks, a Republican from that state, has filed against the Census Bureau to get unauthorized immigrants excluded from the 2020 census numbers used to redistribute congressional seats and Electoral College votes among the states.
The pandemic-related delays have led the bureau to ask Congress to push back by four months the legal deadlines for delivering the results of the 2020 census, including redistricting data the bureau now would like to provide to the states by the end of July 2021.
If a new law is passed that allows for that extension, the bureau is also expecting to release the citizenship data as ordered by Trump by July 31, 2021, James Whitehorne, the head of the Census Bureau’s redistricting and voting rights data office, told redistricting officials last month during a webinar organized by the National Conference of State Legislatures.
The House Democrats’ new coronavirus relief bill does allow for a deadline extension for redistricting data from the 2020 census. But the bill — which is not expected to get support from the Republican-controlled Senate — also includes a provision that would stop the efforts to create the citizenship data requested by the Trump administration.
Asked how the more recently disclosed sources of records are helping the Census Bureau’s researchers develop citizenship data, the bureau’s public information office directed NPR to slides the agency’s officials presented last year that said they help researchers link records about the same individual and determine whether that person is a U.S. citizen.
The Census Bureau is obtaining these records through sharing agreements negotiated with the other agencies, and the bureau has said the records are “stripped of any personal identifiable information and are used for statistical purposes only.”
Still, Latinx community groups in Arizona and Texas represented by the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund and Asian Americans Advancing Justice – AAJC are trying to stop the release of the citizenship data with a federal lawsuit against the administration. The challengers contend the production of the data is part of a conspiracy to prevent Latinos, noncitizens and other immigrants from receiving fair political representation.
In response to the Census Bureau’s announcement last month about delaying its field operations for the 2020 census, Thomas Saenz, MALDEF’s president and general counsel, called continued work on citizenship data a “dangerous diversion from the necessity of concentrating on Census 2020 in the Bureau and from accomplishing pandemic recovery efforts in other federal and state agencies.”
Amy O’Hara, who previously led the Census Bureau’s Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications, has also warned about the dangers of directing limited resources during the pandemic to creating more detailed citizen voting age population data, also known as CVAP.
“The sources for CVAP are mostly new to the Census Bureau, requiring more effort to understand the files and how to appropriately link it with other data,” O’Hara, who is now a research professor at Georgetown University’s Massive Data Institute, says in an email. “This competes with staff time for planned uses of administrative data, and with emerging needs during the pandemic, like correctly counting college students.”
Still, the citizenship data could be useful to at least one state.
Critics of the proposed constitutional amendment worry that it could lead to redistricting based on the number of citizens old enough to vote rather than of all residents, including children.
“The Supreme Court held in 2016 that it is constitutional to draw districts on the basis of total population, so that every district has the same number of people,” explains Michael Li, a redistricting expert who is a senior counsel for the Brennan Center for Justice’s Democracy Program, in an email. “But the court left open the question of whether it might also be constitutional to use another population basis, such as eligible voters. That open question could be one of the big fights of this decade.”
Osho Jha is an investor, data scientist and tech company executive who enjoys finding and analyzing unique data sets for investing in both public and private markets.
With the halving capturing the attention of most investors in the cryptocurrency space as well as some mainstream press, the changes at Ethereum have gone largely unnoticed in the broader crypto community. While BTC has become an investment option for those seeking strong money principles in a time of central bank balance sheet expansion, ETH also represents strong money principles. Ethereum 2.0 has been plagued by delays – a natural part of the software development process but a primary cause of negative sentiment towards ETH. However, Ethereum 2.0 seeks to change from a PoW infrastructure to a PoS infrastructure and the magnitude of this shift, I believe, is not reflected in the price of the token.
ETH Deflation – A Look at Supply Side Dynamics
Before diving into the impact that staking could have on ETH, it is important to understand how the ETH “money supply” currently works. As we know, BTC has a fixed supply of 21 million coins and the rate at which these coins are released into the money supply decreases over time. ETH does not have a fixed supply but, like BTC, it has a declining inflation rate:
Ethereum white paper
There is a fixed issuance of new ETH annually. As the money supply grows, that fixed issuance becomes a smaller portion of the total money supply. As with BTC halvings, ETH over time has reduced the block reward for miners. The transition to Ethereum 2.0’s staking mechanism is set to reduce the inflation rate of ETH to 0.5%-2.0%, putting it in the same company as BTC and gold in terms of supply inflation.
I look at ETH as the fiat to BTC’s gold. Despite negative connotations in the crypto community, fiat currencies aren’t inherently bad and the main advantage of an unfixed total supply is flexibility to adjust supply during different economic climates. Central banks have taken this flexibility to an extreme in recent years, and, while ETH’s supply is not fixed, its projected long term inflation may be a happy middle ground between fixed supply and unbridled money printing.
ETH Staking – A Look at Demand Side Dynamics
In many ways, ETH trades like a venture investment. Investors believe that Ethereum will be the underlying technology for the future of decentralized apps and they buy ETH in the same way they would shares. I find this troubling because, by its very nature, ETH is not a stock and these investors are taking on a bigger risk than they might think.
Staking is the key to making ETH function as a value store. At its core, staking incentivizes holding ETH in a node that can then be used by the network to verify transactions. The greater the number of nodes, the faster the network can function and the more secure it becomes. Staking is not new. Projects ranging from Hedera Hashgraph to Facebook Libra have some sort of staking mechanism built in. But they don’t have the advantage of being the de-facto network decentralized app developers lean on.
The magnitude of this shift, I believe, is not reflected in the price of the token.
For investors, there are incentives to staking tokens in a node, including rewards similar to earning interest on a bank deposit. While the staking rewards vary based on network performance and utilization, target returns are close to 10% annually. Though actual returns will vary as the network gets up and running, the possibility of earning returns on coins that would otherwise be in a wallet should entice ETH holders to stake.
In a global low-rate environment, these returns are certainly attractive. And staking may be the killer app that allows ETH to become a “positive carry asset.” In other words, it generates a positive return for holding it as opposed to, say, gold, which is negative-carry, as it incurs storage costs. Long term, positive carry stimulates demand and creates an incentive to borrow cash to purchase and earn yield. Overall, positive-carry assets increase stability of price movements by creating long term holders and widening the investor base.
Investors are becoming aware of this dynamic. To stake a node, there is a minimum required 32 ETH (thought staking pools can allow staking to be done with as little as 1 ETH). The following chart shows the growth in Ethereum addresses holding 32 or more ETH tokens:
Address with at least 32 Eth
Usage – Stablecoins and DeFi
While generating interest income from staking will certainly be positively received by investors, network usage is ultimately what will create a sustainable system and long term growth in ETH value.
Investors often consider network usage in the context of dapp adoption and transactions being done, but this misses a big part of the ethereum story. Stablecoins and DeFi have an outsized usage of ETH.
Stablecoins are currently near an all time high total market cap spurred by the broader liquidity crisis in March 2020. This has, in turn, pushed ETH transaction counts to highs around the level seen in summer of 2019.
Daily transaction count and market cap volume
DeFi is a large source of utilization as well with total USD value locked up in DeFi crossing $1bln USD earlier this year:
ETH staked in DeFi (Credit: DeFi Pulse)
ETH as a Store of Value
Current events have forced us to adapt to a more digital life and also shown us the limitation of legacy banking systems. Even the distribution of stimulus checks became a nontrivial problem. With the market focused on bitcoin and its role in unstable economic times, the advances being set forth by Ethereum 2.0 have been largely overlooked. However, Ethereum 2.0 lays out a platform which can help create better digital experiences and ease the friction as individuals and institutions transition to a digital-first world.
As we mentioned earlier, staking will turn ETH into a positive carry asset, which in turn brings price stability and broadens the investor base. By staking accumulated tokens, investors will both earn yield and help scale the network in a secure way.
While ETH is being staked, there is demand for stablecoins and banking-esque services, which are being deployed and iterated on in the DeFi space as a whole. With this dynamic, transactions can be made using stablecoins while ETH itself is staked to generate interest income. This may sound foreign and futuristic but it’s not much different than when people keep savings in an interest-generating savings accounts, or investments, and keep day-to-day money in a checking account.
The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups.
In an image from a YouTube video released on Aug. 29, 2019, shows Former senior commander Iván Márquez (center) and fugitive rebel colleague, Jesús Santrich (wearing sunglasses), of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia at an undisclosed location announcing they are taking up arms again.
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In an image from a YouTube video released on Aug. 29, 2019, shows Former senior commander Iván Márquez (center) and fugitive rebel colleague, Jesús Santrich (wearing sunglasses), of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia at an undisclosed location announcing they are taking up arms again.
AFP via Getty Images
It didn’t take long for Huber, a former Marxist guerrilla, to give up on peace.
A former member of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, known as FARC, Huber disarmed under the country’s 2016 peace treaty. But he says the government failed to help former fighters transition to civilian life and that many have been killed.
All this prompted Huber, who asked to be identified only by his first name, and other disgruntled ex-rebels to take up arms once again.
“If people are going to try to kill me, I have to defend myself,” Huber says from his hideout in a sprawling slum in Tumaco, a Pacific coast city near the Ecuadorian border.
Besides dealing with the coronavirus outbreak, Colombian authorities are trying to keep a fragile peace process on track. Under the peace treaty some 13,000 FARC guerrillas have turned in their weapons, ending a half-century of fighting that killed 220,000 people.
But almost immediately, some former rebels began drifting back into the mountains and jungles. They have formed more than two dozen armed groups totaling about 2,300 members, though not all are ex-FARC guerrillas, according to news reports citing Colombia’s military.
For decades the FARC attacked army and police patrols in its quest to overthrow the Colombian government. But the new groups focus on drug trafficking, extortion and illegal gold mining, said Gen. Adolfo Hernández, the army commander in Tumaco, which is a jumping off point for cocaine-laden boats bound for Central America and Mexico.
In an interview, Hernández pointed out that proceeds from drug trafficking long helped the FARC fund its insurgency. He said the rearmed rebels “want to go back to doing what they’ve always done.”
Gen. Adolfo Hernández, Colombian army commander in Tumaco, Colombia.
John Otis for NPR
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Gen. Adolfo Hernández, Colombian army commander in Tumaco, Colombia.
John Otis for NPR
Fueling this exit from the peace process is the fact that many former rebels have few job skills to flourish as civilians.
One example is Robinson Araujo, who dropped out of school after fifth grade and joined the FARC as a teenager. He told NPR that he spent much of the war as an urban militiaman in Tumaco, collecting cash from drug traffickers who were allowed to operate in FARC-controlled areas in exchange for regular payments.
Since the peace treaty was signed, Araujo, 48, has been in and out of jail on drug-trafficking charges and briefly joined a group of rearmed FARC rebels who made headlines in 2018 for kidnapping and killing three Ecuadorian journalists. Along the way, Araujo fathered 16 children.
In the interview, he acknowledges making mistakes but also blamed the government for ignoring the demobilized rebels. Speaking from a waterside slum in Tumaco as helicopters from the nearby army base flew overhead, Araujo said: “They promised to generate jobs and education but we are still waiting.”
A plantation of coca, the main ingredient in cocaine, is seen in this aerial photograph taken above Tumaco, Colombia, on Feb. 26. The country’s military says former rebel fighters have turned to drug trafficking and other illegal operations in the area.
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Ivan Valencia/Bloomberg via Getty Images
A plantation of coca, the main ingredient in cocaine, is seen in this aerial photograph taken above Tumaco, Colombia, on Feb. 26. The country’s military says former rebel fighters have turned to drug trafficking and other illegal operations in the area.
Ivan Valencia/Bloomberg via Getty Images
Other places transitioning from war to peace have faced similar problems. From Nicaragua to Northern Ireland, a small percentage of demobilized guerrillas and paramilitary forces have rejected peace accords and rearmed, at least temporarily.
Colombia’s 300-page peace treaty is one of the most ambitious because it goes far beyond the initial task of disarming the guerrillas. It has allowed the FARC to set up a legal political party while its commanders can avoid prison if they tell the truth about kidnappings, massacres and other war crimes.
For former rebel foot soldiers, meanwhile, the treaty mandates temporary monthly cash stipends, job training and education. The government also promised to protect them from revenge killings and to build roads, schools and hospitals in regions once controlled by the rebels.
In a report last year, the University of Notre Dame’s Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, which monitors peace agreements in 34 countries, described the level of treaty compliance in Colombia as “comparable to other comprehensive peace agreements.”
But both the government and the FARC have been derelict in some of their duties.
Many former rebel leaders have refused to cooperate with a special transitional justice court. The government, in turn, has been slow on its commitment to build roads, schools and hospitals in former rebel territory. And although government bodyguards accompany some former rebels, about 200 have been killed, according to a United Nations team monitoring Colombia’s peace process, often in revenge killings since the peace treaty was signed.
The most high-profile former FARC commander to rearm is Luciano Marín — better known by his nom de guerre,Iván Márquez — who spent four years in Cuba negotiating the peace treaty with Colombian government envoys. In a video released last year, Márquez — dressed in combat fatigues and surrounded by rifle-toting colleagues — declared: “The guerrilla struggle continues because the government has betrayed the peace accord.”
Still, Márquez may have had other motives for rearming. Although he was given a temporary seat in Colombia’s senate under the peace accord, he never showed up to be sworn in and went into hiding in 2018 when his nephew was extradited to the U.S. on drug smuggling charges. Soon after, the U.S. State Department revealed that Márquez himself was under investigation for cocaine trafficking.
Amid the coronavirus lockdown, cocaine production in some areas of Colombia are being squeezed while flight cancellations and border closures have made life more difficult for smugglers, according to a new U.N. report. But noting major seizures at European ports, the report said that cocaine is increasingly being moved by sea and that “the trafficking of large shipments of cocaine is still ongoing.”
One cog in this drug supply chain is Huber, the former FARC fighter in Tumaco who gave up on the peace process. Several factors prompted his conclusion that life as a civilian wasn’t working. A high school dropout, he had few job qualifications. He also received threats for having worked for 10 years securing food, medicine and ammunition for the guerrillas.
So Huber and several other ex-FARC members formed a new armed group called the Alfonso Cano Western Block, in honor of a former top rebel commander. In a brief interview, Huber, who wore civilian clothes and was unarmed, described the new organization as a self-defense group.
But Colombian officials call it a drug-trafficking gang and have issued a warrant for Huber’s arrest.
“A lot of it comes down to the lack of opportunity and the lure of the drug trade,” said Kyle Johnson, who spent months in Tumaco interviewing rearmed rebels for the International Crisis Group. “That leaves a lot of people with one foot in the peace process and one foot in the drug trade.”
Barstool Sports founder Dave Portnoy went on a blastastic rant on Wednesday, ripping state governors for locking down Americans and asking some brilliant questions along the way — like “When did flattening the curve turn into finding the cure?!”
In his three-and-a-half minute profanity-laced tirade, Portnoy said government officials are going about it all wrong in trying to keep every single person from catching the coronavirus, which kills mostly the elderly and unhealthy.
“What the f*ck is going on?” Portnoy says at the beginning of the video, which has more than 7 million views. “When did this become, ‘flatten the curve,’ ‘flatten the curve,’ ‘flatten the curve,’ to ‘we have to find a cure or everyone is gonna die?’ ”
“Like, [Dr. Anthony] Fauci, seems like a nice enough dude, I was always like, this guy has no agenda … [He] gets in front of the Senate, he’s like, we’re reopening the country too fast everyone’s dead. Where’d that come from? And the L.A. mayor, we’re not opening the city until we find a cure? What? Find a cure? Who says we’re gonna find a cure? We haven’t have a cure to cancer, it took AIDS 20 years or whatever, do we even have a cure? So, the economy is just shut down?
“All we ever heard, for forever, was, ‘flatten the curve,’ ‘flatten the curve,’ ‘make sure there’s hospital beds.’ We’re there!” said. “Now all of a sudden, it’s like a 180. That’s like taking a cross-country flight, six hours. Five hours and a half go by, they get on the intercom and they’re like, ‘Oh, just kidding, we have another 10 hours.’ You can’t do that! People have been mentally preparing, we’re doing what you ask. We’ve done exactly like you said, now you’re changing the rules.”
“And what about people who own businesses?” Portnoy said. “You can’t say closed indefinitely. Imagine working for a year, five years, ten years, two decades, grinding your fingers to the bone to build your businesses — Barstool, thank God, will be alright — I’m talking about other businesses. People who have jobs and have worked their whole f*cking lives to put food on the table and create a happy living.
They’re just gonna go out of business? They’re just gonna’ wake up whenever this thing ends, when the mayors say them they can go back to work? Work to what? Your company is gonna’ be out of business, the economy is gonna be in the sh*tter, there’s gonna be no jobs, how the f*ck are you gonna’ pay for your family, put food on the table, all that sh*t? What are you doing? You gotta’ give these people a choice.”
“If you told me, because of corona, I lost Barstool, I had to get a nine-to-five and start f*cking over, I’d rather die of corona, seriously, or at least take my chances,” Portnoy said. “I’m not saying everyone would do that. I would. But if I’ve dedicated 20 years of my life, I don’t wanna start over. I’ll f*cking deal with corona. You can’t just make everybody stay inside and basically start over. It’s insane. Like, what the f*ck do they think is gonna’ happen?”
“At some level, we’ve done what you asked us to do,” he said in closing. “If you’re that scared of corona, stay inside. … There’s risk. We’re Americans, you have to take risks. If people want to go out, they can go out; if they wanna’ stay in, they stay in.”
Emergency Press Conference – When Did Flattening The Curve Turn Into Finding The Cure pic.twitter.com/ZaSTxL6Tuc
Brazilian skater Gui Khury, 11, is the first person to complete a 1080-degree turn, or three full rotations, on a vertical ramp.
Khury broke news of his feat on his Instagram account on Friday. The video shows the skateboarder flying up off the half-pipe, spinning three times, and seamlessly skating back down. The historic move plays three times over, once in slow motion, with the caption “1080!!!I have no words to explain what just happened…”
Khury smashed the previous 900-degree record on a vertical ramp (or “vert”) held by skateboarding legend Tony Hawk. Hawk made his historic move in 1999, almost a decade before Khury was born. Since Hawk set the record, several skateboarders have matched it. Khury himself became the youngest person to successfully complete a 900 on vert at eight years old.
Khury’s video circulated widely on social media and garnered a slew of astonished reactions, especially after it was reposted by stars like Hawk.
11-year-old Gui Khury is the first skateboarder to ever hit a 1080 on a vert ramp 🤯
The elusive 1080 is widely viewed as one of most difficult moves in the sport. It has only been completed successfully by a handful of skateboarders, and never on vert. In 2012, then-12-year-old Tom Schaar became the first skateboarder to complete the move. Schaar did his 1080 on a mega ramp, a larger version of the vert, which allowed him to build up more momentum.
Khury’s new achievement again brings into question whether the move might be easier for children to complete, an idea initially posed after Schaar’s feat.
The coronavirus and social distancing actually helped Khury achieve the 1080, his father Ricardo Khury Filho told Reuters. School closures in Brazil gave the young skater more time and energy than usual to practice, Filho said. His grandmother has several structures in her backyard that Khury uses to practice.
The record comes as skateboarding was set to debut as an Olympic sport at the Tokyo Summer Olympics this year. But fallout from the coronavirus pandemic has postponed the event until at least 2021, and put into question whether it will be able to happen at all.
For now, the young skater says he’s not done. He’s already moved on to his next goal: a 1260 on vert, or 3.5 rotations in the air.
Full Belly Farm, a 450-acre, organic farm, in California’s Capay Valley northwest of Sacramento, is busier than ever trying to ramp up production to meet soaring demand.
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Full Belly Farm
Full Belly Farm, a 450-acre, organic farm, in California’s Capay Valley northwest of Sacramento, is busier than ever trying to ramp up production to meet soaring demand.
Full Belly Farm
Images of some American farmers dumping milk, plowing under crops and tossing perishables amid sagging demand and falling prices during the deadly coronavirus pandemic has made for dramatic TV.
But it’s not the whole story.
“We had a reporter call here and say, ‘We want to see some produce rotting in the field and milk going down the drains,’ ” said Judith Redmond, a longtime farmer in California’s Capay Valley, northwest of Sacramento. “And I said, ‘Well, actually, that’s not what’s happening in the Capay Valley.’ ”
Redmond, a founding partner of the 450-acre, organic Full Belly Farm, is busier than ever trying to ramp up production to meet soaring demand.
From California to Maine, the movement known as community supported agriculture (CSA) is booming. Members buy a share of a farm’s often organic harvest that gets delivered weekly in a box. CSA programs almost everywhere report a surge in memberships and growing waiting lists.
“The interest in getting local, fresh, organic produce just has skyrocketed during this crisis,” Redmond said.
400-acre, organic Full Belly Farm, in California’s Capay Valley north of Sacramento, is busier than ever trying to ramp up production to meet soaring demand. CSA programs almost everywhere report a surge in memberships and growing waiting lists.
Full Belly Farm
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Full Belly Farm
400-acre, organic Full Belly Farm, in California’s Capay Valley north of Sacramento, is busier than ever trying to ramp up production to meet soaring demand. CSA programs almost everywhere report a surge in memberships and growing waiting lists.
Full Belly Farm
As with many farms, the restaurant and farmers market sides of her business have cratered. But the CSA side, which includes business across the San Francisco Bay Area, has jumped to 2,000 boxes a week. “We’ve doubled our CSA box numbers and quadrupled our add-ons like wheat flour, oils like olive oil, nuts, fruit juices, even yarn,” Redmond said.
CSAs have long been something of a niche market that have never really penetrated the mainstream. Yet, the coronavirus just might prove to be sparking community supported agriculture’s breakout moment.
“In all the time that we’ve worked with CSAs, which is several decades, we’ve never seen a surge as quickly as we have of the last few weeks,” said Evan Wiig with the Community Alliance with Family Farmers, which supports and lobbies on behalf of CSAs across California.
An example of summer produce from the organic CSA Red Fire Farm in the Connecticut River Valley outside of Amherst, Mass.
Sarah Voiland
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Sarah Voiland
An example of summer produce from the organic CSA Red Fire Farm in the Connecticut River Valley outside of Amherst, Mass.
Sarah Voiland
“It’s sort of a heyday for CSAs,” he said. “Farmers that were starting in March struggling to get enough members for the season – which we see every year — by mid-March were dealing with waiting lists with hundreds of people trying to get in.”
The coronavirus has exposed the vulnerabilities and fragility of the U.S. global agribusiness supply chain. The CSA model’s focus on local and fresh is ideally suited for a crisis that has people deeply worried about germs on lettuce, beets or broccoli as the crops make their way from the field to the kitchen counter.
People “don’t want that many hands on their food right now,” said Sarah Voiland. “And we can offer that.”
She and her husband, Ryan, run the organic CSA Red Fire Farm, in the Connecticut River Valley outside of Amherst, Mass.
The low-touch factor is an especially big draw at a time when a trip to a supermarket can involve masks, social-distancing lines, hand sanitizer and angst. “The supply chain with CSA is very short. It’s like, we harvest the produce and you come pick it up” at a local site, she said.
Sarah Voiland, who helps run Red Fire Farm, delivers fresh produce for the Brighton CSA in the Boston area in 2019.
Sarah Voiland
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Sarah Voiland
Sarah Voiland, who helps run Red Fire Farm, delivers fresh produce for the Brighton CSA in the Boston area in 2019.
Sarah Voiland
“We think people’s habits will shift because of this” pandemic, said John Tecklin, who runs the CSA Mountain Bounty Farm, serving the northern California communities around Truckee, Nevada City and Lake Tahoe, as well as Reno, Nev. “For a lot of them, it’s kind of a wake-up call: ‘what’s really important to you?’ ”
In a move spurred partly by the pandemic, and a sign of the changing times for CSAs, Tecklin’s farm is now entering into a partnership called Forever Farms with a non-profit land trust, a local food advocacy group and a food cooperative to help secure ownership of part of the farm’s land in perpetuity.
“It’s local food security for our community,” Tecklin said. “In these times it’s more important than ever now.”
He believes that’s the same motivation driving the recent doubling of interest in his CSA. “Everyone is just all of a sudden, ‘Wow this is the kind of thing we need, we need local farmers who we’re dealing with directly.’ ”
Some farms, large and small, that relied on restaurant, hotel, school and university food-service contracts have been hit hard. Many are now scrambling to adapt to a CSA-type model, at least in the short term, to survive. Some are now partnering with CSAs in a mutually beneficial pact that helps CSAs meet growing demand while offering an outlet for suffering farms.
Federal and state governments are also now taking a page from CSAs. As part of its coronavirus relief, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has put out a call for $3 billion in contracts for farmers to produce and deliver fresh produce and dairy boxes to food banks, many of which are struggling to support the growing ranks of Americans who are hurting and out of work.
Some states are trying to redirect to charities farm produce that in normal times would have headed to restaurants and hotels. California has expanded funding to help cover the costs of harvesting, packaging and transporting fresh fruits and vegetables from farms to local food banks. The state’s Farm to Family Program, a partnership with the California Association of Food Banks (CAFB) and the USDA, provides fresh produce to needy households across the state.
CSAs still represent a very small slice of America’s $100 billion farm economy. But their renaissance marks a rare bit of good economic news for an agriculture industry battered by trade wars, threatened by climate change and now facing a global pandemic.
And the new success brings new challenges. Many CSAs are now scrambling to find additional labor to plant, harvest and deliver produce to meet the moment. “We’re totally able to produce so much more than we are, but we don’t have the workers,” said Redmond, of Full Belly Farm. “We’re so stressed out by that that, you know, just knowing that there’s going to be a difficult time getting workers, it just doesn’t make any sense to ramp up production.”
A big question for CSAs is whether the renewed interest represents a fleeting reaction to fear or a more sustainable, long-term trend.
“When the lockdown or shelter-in-place started in March, people were just a little panicked,” Redmond said. “And what we’re trying to do is turn it into a longer-term relationship with our farm and those members so that they see that there’s a tremendous advantage of getting food locally from people that they know.”
Roy “Captain Roy D” Davis has devoted much of the last three years to the QAnon conspiracy theory, writing books pitching the concept to new fans and getting his car repainted with an enormous “Q” on the hood. Through it all, he’s been utterly convinced that former Trump national security adviser Michael Flynn—a central figure to much of the Q community—was the victim of an anti-Trump cabal orchestrated by the leaders of the deep state. He corresponded with other Flynn supporters following his legal case, and donated proceeds from one of his books to Flynn’s legal fund.
So when Davis saw on Thursday that the Justice Department would drop its charges against Flynn for lying to the FBI, Davis was euphoric.
“He’s a hero of mine,” Davis said. “I wouldn’t do all of these things just out of the blue.”
When we write on the occult I am the expert, consequently that is what we write about but recently subjects are coming up for all of you that need to be addressed. I’m going to take time off from my own pet project which is the Khazar-Nazi Antichrist to do just that. This is the first installment. I am by no means an expert on frequencies but it just so happens that “Phil,” who has been a member of the Jack Heart team since its inception in 2014 is just that, twenty-five years working with them in a military intelligence capacity. He will explain 5 G to you, and I will explain to you what you should really be worried about.
By Jack Heart, Phil, An Nwn & Orage
With the advent of the COVID virus and the West’s assisted suicide at the hands of the World Health Organization and political leadership epitomized by the nightly Donald Trump Show much ado is being made about the implementation of 5 G in America. The bulk of it if not all of it, at least in America, traces back to former vodaphone employee Joe Imbriano; a man who professes to believe “god created the earth and the heavens in seven days…” (2)
It only gets worse after that, one could call it junk science or pseudoscience but that would be giving it more validity than it’s worth. Science has nothing to do with it. This is an exercise in bible thumping being applied to the root of empirical science.
The reality of the world we live in begins with aMathematical Theory of Communication, a two-part article by Bell mathematician Claude Shannon appearing in the 1948 July and October issues of the Bell System Technical Journal. Shannon begins by saying: “The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point, either exactly or approximately, a message selected at another point.” (3)
Shannon’s paper would become the foundation of Information Theory; a variation of John von Neumann’s Game Theory. Information Theory deals with the quantification, storage, and communication of information. Information Theory is used in quantum computing, artificial intelligence, cybernetics, neuroscience, electrical engineering and black hole calculations…
Sciences most efficient way to solve Shannon’s “fundamental problem” is through wireless communication, using frequencies to broadcast information.
The mathematical calculations required for understanding the interaction of frequencies are beyond the education of most laymen. But that does not excuse ignoring what is right in front of you. It’s spring and in every backyard in America birds chatter enthusiastically as they go about their business breeding and building nests. They are not falling out of the air dead as Dr. Frankenstein orders Igor to power up his fiendish 5 G system.
American Fundamentalist Christians live in a bizarre comic book world which does not lend itself to Holographic paradigms, Fourier transforms and Biological warfare. They insist 5 G will interfere with the absorption of oxygen by their blood and as evidence they site fifteen year old experiments done with 60 GHz forming oxygen absorption bands in free floating atmospheric molecules.
Hemoglobin, blood, an entirely different story, is never mentioned once in the fourteen page paper intended for industry scientists working in the field of “earth atmosphere remote sensing, microwave wireless communication and industrial applications…” (4)
Big business has been expressing interest in communication systems operating at 60Ghz for at least twenty years now. Licensing by the FCC can be less regulated, costly local auctions for limited airwaves avoided, interference minimized and speedy dispersal of information maximized. “Theoretically, 100,000 systems operating at 60 GHz can be co-located in a ten square kilometer area without interference problems.” (5)
Information is the most valuable commodity there is. It always has been. As the old Jewish proverb goes “give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.” The trade in information is highly competitive and because it has already implemented 5 G China now has a tremendous advantage in its economic war with America.
Globalist corporations are seeking technological parity with China, they are not looking to despoil and corrupt the precious bodily fluids of “god faring” Christians, there’s no money in it. Having said that this is by no means an endorsement of 5 G technology, millions of networks broadcasting on frequencies at best loosely licensed and regulated by the FCC could lead to all kinds of nefarious activity.
Phil, not his real name, is an intelligence specialist with over a quarter century experience in military applications for wireless communications. I’m a layman when comes to understanding frequencies. Phil is a professional, and he has been good enough in his time off to write this short essay telling you exactly what 5 G can and cannot do. I have emphasized in bold some of the most pertinent passages. You will see why when you read the last part.
“I have done quite a bit of searching and analysis of the recent radio engineering and medical studies and treatises regarding 5G. In the world today there are a lot of empirically measured resonant frequencies at the atomic, molecular and cellular levels although most requires a bit of unit conversion from the measurements used in the documents to a common form of wavelength or resonant frequency measurement.
Bottom Line: 5G is not really so different from all the previous cellular digital communications systems in terms of the frequency ranges it operates in, the carrier power and means by which communications is carried out. The major difference on the surface is that the 5G systems have the ability to change antennas on the same tower to make sure that the receiver, whether cell phone, watch, automobile or human gets the signal at the strongest strength.
This is how the engineers have dealt with the issue of signal losses over distance. A quick note here, the strength of an electromagnetic wave drops by the inverse of the square of the distance to receiver.
Can the electromagnetic radiation from digital cellular communication systems cause damage to living cells? Yes, so can any EM radiation regardless of source. You can get sun burned right?
Are the new 5 G systems designed to do so from the outset? I don’t think so. Not at the developer or manufacturer level.
Could the carrier or signal be manipulated so as to affect individuals, individual types of cells, or a particular population? Yes, the nefarious could design a transmission (again regardless of the type of signal AM, FM, 3G, 4G or 5G) that can increase the odds of the signal having the desired effect upon an organism or atom.
We are all familiar with what a wave is. One thing we must remember about waves is that by definition waves, either like those you can see on the surface of water or electromagnetic, repeat themselves over time. The time it takes for a wave to repeat itself is called wavelength.
The other side of this and what we often hear is frequency. This is another measure of the wave’s form; it is the number of times a wave repeats itself in a given amount of time, and usually measured waves or cycles per second, called a hertz.
Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and they follow well proven classical physics principles thus they are measurable. The measurement of energy in a wave is called amplitude. And for the last of the definitions; the instantaneous measure of where the wave is in its cycle is called the phase.
Qualifier: For this discussion we will not get into the quantum physics calculations or theories which would confuse the dialogue. Just bear in mind that at the quantum or sub atomic level it has been shown that influencing a free electron which has been separated from an atom somewhere else in the universe can be influenced instantaneously by an action upon, or a resonant frequency shift in, a paired electron somewhere else in the universe.
When 5G waves interact with human DNA or other parts of miniscule cells there is attenuation or absorption of a tiny amount of energy from the 5G wave. This interaction results in the release of energy from the travelling wave to that which it “hits”. In the case of cells or parts of cells ie: a DNA strand, that energy into the system or cell must necessarily be dissipated in some way so the affected waveform can return to its normal state of equilibrium and operation. In DNA it has been shown that absorbed electromagnetic energy results in a minute amount of UV energy radiation out from the DNA strand.
The amount of interaction/attenuation of the travelling wave is affected by the instantaneous magnetic dipolar field of an electron or in other words the electron’s position relative to the nucleus when the interaction with outside wave occurs. The phase of an electron, where it is in the orbit, around a nucleus, is one of the major determinants of the outside wave effect on the electron and the atom. This same applies when you start getting into combined waveforms that we call the molecules of the DNA strand or individual DNA proteins.
Where and how long the outside wave interacts with the complex wave of a DNA strand will determine how much of an effect the wave has on DNA. Outside wave energy is often so small by the time it makes it through the filtering or dampening of “tissue” or even the air that there is then little energy to impart inside a cell.
There is much going on in this field. The Rife machines of yesteryear are now modern spectrometers and electron microscopes.
The thing that people have a hard time grasping is that the shorter the wavelength, or higher the carrier frequency. The wave travelling at the speed of light, with a very minute wavelength, takes very little to be knocked off course or the energy of the wave absorbed or transferred to another waveform, such as an oxygen molecule while travelling through the space between the transmitter and receiver.
Repetition and error detection/correction must be built in to the systems to aid in getting the message transmitted correctly.
When we are talking 5G some of the carrier wave frequencies are way up there, meaning minuscule wavelengths, almost in the visible light range. With this being the case it doesn’t take much interaction with other waves, solids, gases, etc. to eat up the energy of the travelling wave; a collision with a carbon dioxide molecule can and does have an effect on the travelling wave.
That being said the wavelengths of the particles, atoms, DNA strands, cells, components (bones, organs etc) all are going to have different combined complex electromagnetic waveforms of their own. The larger the conglomeration the lower the resonant frequency of the whole.
This is why very low frequency waves were, and are, used in Rife and other resonant or sound based healing. Studies show the human body has a resonance between 5 and 10 hertz. The planet itself has a resonant frequency, or in other words the planet vibrates continuously at 7.42 cycles per second. This is known as the Schumann Resonance. The lower frequencies are heard and felt and affect a larger number of cells by bringing them into sympathetic resonance with the frequency of the influencing wave.
Although the 5G signal does impart some energy into the body it will be in very few cells at any given time. Does that mean it won’t cause cancer? No, it could and might cause damage but the odds are low due to received transferred energy being low. If there is damage it will either manifest as a latent problem in a few cells the body will take care of, or will cause cell death in a few cells, and again the body will take care of it.
The recently posted video Out of Shadowsat 1:17 says the use of Very Low Frequency waves piggybacking on carrier waves is a form of mind control. This statement may be correct and goes into my next consideration about 5G and radio transmissions in general.
Basically any electromagnetic wave of energy can have an effect on any other electromagnetic body. And of course electromagnetic waveforms are what make up the entire universe we find ourselves in. For an electromagnetic wave to have effect on a living being the transmitted wave must be near the resonance frequency of the body to be influenced, or of significantly high energy.
Communications transmitted over electromagnetic signals do not often match up cleanly with resonance of human cellular functions. Therefore if one wished to influence something’s resonant frequency then the signal from the antenna must be “shaped”.
A demonstration of resonance might be in order here. Place two tuning forks within a foot of one another. Strike one and the other will feel the wave and begin to vibrate too. If the note, or natural frequency, of the tuning forks are too far apart on the scale the passive will have little inclination to begin to resonate at the frequency of the one struck.
The “shaping” of a wave is so that when the signal is received there are other signals within the transmitted waveform which are perceived at the receiver as close enough to the natural frequency to cause the receiver to resonate with the new received signal.
This shaping can be done through the use of repetitive patterns influencing (modulating) the carrier which then produces harmonics, which are positive or negative waves at integer multiples of the wavelength (cycle) of the packet of energy influencing the carrier wave. By changing the packet length one can change the harmonics and move them on the scale so that the harmonics are the desired frequency to more likely induce resonance.
For humans it was shown many years ago that the best, most penetrating carrier wave to penetrate the human body is in the 5 megahertz range. This is a 1000 times larger wavelength than the 3G, 4G or 5G carriers. Although the wave that kills a “virus” or bacterium is more likely to be in the 2 to 10 hertz range.
This is not to say that DNA cannot be receiving signals and be influenced by waves in the nano-meter wavelength. A full uncoiled human DNA strand of roughly 2 meters in length and has a resonant frequency range similar to the current wireless device’s operating frequency range.
The issue that is the elephant in the room is not will 5G kill but how to program the “wave”, any wave, to interact with a given “living” organism without being caught. Those with money to hire an eclectic group of scientists likely could do it. Is it intentional on the part of the manufacturers wanting to sell bigger, better, faster….perhaps but not likely because any legitimate public funding would dry up.
I’ve been considering the issue since the first time I went to work around a microwave (GHz range) communications system. I heard about birds flying in front of antennas and being struck down, dead in flight. My first thought was that since it was a microwave system the bird got zapped like a piece of chicken in the microwave oven.
Using this analogy I believe one can better explain how microwaves have their affect. It is not that the high power electromagnetic signal influences programming within the cells so much as the closer to the source of transmission the more the exposure to energy of the transmitted wave.
This electromagnetic energy imparts HEAT when the wave encounters something. The wave sets whatever it encounters to vibrating and the vibration causes heat. That is why microwave food gets hot. Or how DARPA used HAARP to heat the ionosphere. The waves impart energy upon the object, in this example a bird or atoms in the sky. The heat is what kills, not the wave’s frequency or wavelength.
The electronic systems manufacturer’s technical aspects and mathematics do not rule out unintended damage to humans. The use of electromagnetic waves to influence a human in some way from 5G or other communications systems using electromagnetic energy (radio, TV, computers, auto engines, etc) is another consideration. The near instantaneous transmission of electromagnetic signals from one synapse to another in the brain can certainly be influenced by outside sources.
An example is how difficult it is to think after having eaten a high carbohydrate meal. The brain wave measurements indicate that the operating state has changed. Biologists say it is due to the chemistry changing, a physicist will explain that the ingested food contains billions of particles each operating at its own frequency.
If the wave form from an ingested food molecule is at or near the resonant frequency of the operating frequency of a brain cell it can shift the operating frequency of the brain. The same occurs with the sense of hearing or sight. When one finds themselves in a temple with low frequency bells or gongs struck repetitively the repetition rate of the striking of the gong and the repetition rate of the sound wave both have an influence on the body and the brainwave measurements.
For another example think about influences from a concert or large gathering, hand clapping and music at a particular rate (frequency) is shown to cause euphoria or nausea. This is another case of influencing the natural resonant state of the being.
Flashing lights can also have influence on brain waves. This condition of changing an operating frequency to another through outside influence is called entrainment.
Back to 5G or the 5thgeneration cellular communications question. Does the complex waveform influence people? Out of the box it is likely to have an influence in similar ways as the sun, the wind, the sea, and the universe’s complex waveforms.
Can the complex waveform of a created and transmitted electromagnetic waveform cause people to hear voices or experience odd thoughts, sickness, euphoria, depression, suicidal thoughts?
Potentially; through the specific construction of a transmitted complex wave’s housekeeping and test signals the cells and electrical functions of a body, brain, DNA molecule, virus or bacterium can be caused to change state. This is also greatly influenced by the signals strength. Too much everything burns up, too little it cannot overcome the receivers own energy fields.
Does the 5G have a greater ability to cause effects? In the system’s narrowing of the transmission to a 15 degree beam from the antenna it ensures that the greatest signal strength is always being received at the cell phone, watch, or other “connected” device. Thus we see the amount of energy available for data transfer as greater in this system.
This is the main factor and difference in the new generation of electromagnetic data transmission; higher power at the receiver for greater clarity and speed of communication. The complex electromagnetic waveform is everywhere within the 15 degree beam of energy being transmitted from the antenna, if you are in the beam you receive the signal the same as your phone.
Here is my tin foil hat conclusion. Given the GPS location data built in to cellular communications system and the knowledge that a target is likely attached to a particular device at a particular location a bad actor could, with enough resources, devise a complex electromagnetic signal for transmission to the location of the targeted network connected device that could cause some form of an effect on anything that is within the influence of the transmitted signal. This of course is unknown to the individual holding the cell phone.
Here is the engineer’s conclusion. The system is designed as all forms of communications. It is designed to build a two way link between two stations giving the transmitter the ability to share data, observations and comments with the receiver with minimal errors and maximum reproduction of the transmitted thought, idea, or datum.
The significant difference in this system is that instead of shouting to the world in all directions the transmitter is shouting through a narrower 15 degree slice created by the antenna. It is like using a bullhorn to make sure those who need to hear do so.
The final thoughts: The military industrial complex has the resources to make every man, woman and child a puppet on a string through manipulation and transmission of electromagnetic energy into complex waves. This has been the case since the first radio advertisement went out over “wireless” in the 19thcentury.
They have increased the ability in the last several years. Did that same bunch of scientists use complex electromagnetic wave forms to open portals in the EM fabric of the universe or do they overwrite the waveforms of reality? It likely is theoretically feasible…” – Phil
Affiliating western corporate fanaticism, motivated entirely by greed, for 5 G technology with the apocalyptic scenario the media has painted COVID with is almost understandable. The price of oil has crashed and by the time this medical madness runs its course so will most people’s budgets for survival in the next twenty years. Strange days have found us and we find ourselves wearing masks in public and going about in a state of paranoid psychosis of all we come in contact with.
A Lovecraftian scenario arises that is ‘unspeakably’ diabolical with the late January arrest of “Dr. Charles Lieber, 60, Chair of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University.” Over the course of the last twelve years Lieber has been the recipient of “$15,000,000 in grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Department of Defense (DOD). (6)With the bulk of it coming from the DOD…
A little over nine years ago “Lieber became a “Strategic Scientist” at Wuhan University of Technology (WUT) in China and was a contractual participant in China’s Thousand Talents Plan from in or about 2012 to 2017. China’s Thousand Talents Plan is one of the most prominent Chinese Talent recruit plans that are designed to attract, recruit, and cultivate high-level scientific talent in furtherance of China’s scientific development, economic prosperity and national security.” (7)
“Under the terms of Lieber’s three-year Thousand Talents contract, WUT paid Lieber $50,000 USD per month, living expenses of up to 1,000,000 Chinese Yuan (approximately $158,000 USD at the time) and awarded him more than $1.5 million to establish a research lab at WUT. In return, Lieber was obligated to work for WUT “not less than nine months a year…” (8)
Apparently Lieber neglected to inform the DOD of his torrid and lucrative affair with WUT and subsequently lied about it to them. That is what he has been charged with. The New York Times covered the incident with an article titled with a poor excuse for a word pun: “U.S. Accuses Harvard Scientist of Concealing Chinese Funding.” The January 28 article was written with an audacious spin, now particularly reprehensible in light the ‘Wuhan Flu,’ that “scientistswill be scrutinized over legitimate sources of international funding.” (9)
One must wonder about the New York Times. Perhaps their chutzpah in defending him is motivated by the fact that Lieber as a Jew and the winner of theWolf Prize in Chemistry in 2015 is tied at the hip to Israel, their sponsor. Dr. Charles Lieber is not just any old chairman at Harvard. He very well may be the most brilliant experimental scientist America has ever produced.
Lieber is known for “making it happen in his laboratory.” Over twenty years ago he revolutionized nanotechnology by inventing a method using alcohol solutions to manufacture “wires only three nanometers [“A nanometer is one billionth of a meter, or one hundred-thousandth the width of a human hair”] across that can be produced relatively cheaply on a bench top with a few thousand dollars’ worth of equipment” (10)
At the beginning of a 2001 Harvard Magazine article lauding Lieber’s achievement, titled Liquid Computing, the author asks the reader to “imagine a computer, suspended ina flask of liquid, which assembles itself when the liquid is poured onto a desktop.”(11)
At the time it was estimated, with the methods being used, the wall would be hit for miniaturizing transistors in the middle of the second decade of the twenty-first century. But instead of shaving down larger pieces to make smaller ones as was being done Lieber, essentially using 3-D printing or additive manufacturing, used smaller pieces to assemble what he wanted. This enabled nanotechnology to produce sensors that were the size of a Virion, and eventually self contained machines measured in nanometers. The article claimed Lieber had already “produced a transistor just 10 atoms across.” (12)
A decade later Lieber had figured out how, by using nanowires bent at a hundred and twenty degree angle, to insert a Virion sized transistor into a cell without killing it. This he admits had been his objective from the start but the procedure was tricky.
“Merely piercing the cell was not enough, because transistors need a source wire from which electrons flow and a drain wire through which they are discharged.” (13)
In early attempts the damage caused by insertion “killed the cell “pretty quickly.” But when his team coated the hairpin nanowire with a fatty lipid layer (the same substance cell membranes are made of), the device was easily pulled into the cell via membrane fusion, a process related to the one cells use to engulf viruses and bacteria. This innovation is important, Lieber explains, because it indicates that when a man-made structure is as small as a virus or bacteria, it can behave the way biological structures do…” (14)
A quick look at Leiber’s web site shows before his arrest he and his monkeys were working on “neuralnetwork-like mesh electronics and a noninvasive delivery method into targeted distinct brain regions via syringe-injection,” essentially a tool to make humans into biological robots. They had already had success injecting it into the brains of mice in 2015. His sponsors include “The Office of Naval Research,” the “Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [DARPA]” and the “Air Force Office of Scientific Research.”(15)
In spite of Lieber being also sponsored by the “National Institute of Health” and his pretensions of being the second coming of Jonas Salk, the bulk of his sponsors are in the business of killing people. They have no interest in medicine or anything else that cannot be weaponized and you can bet the farm that China wasn’t paying him all that money for “powerful new approaches for treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases…” (16)
Of course most Americans have never even heard of Dr. Charles Lieber and think Morgan Freeman is America’s greatest living scientist. But other scientists and medical professionals, educated people should find Leiber’s connection to Wuhan more than a bit troubling…
3 – Shannon, Claude Elwood, 1916-2001. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana : University of Illinois Press, 1949.
4 -“60 GHz oxygen band: precise broadening and central frequencies of fine structured lines, absolute absorption profile at atmospheric pressure, and revision of mixing coefficients (page 14) .” Journal of molecular spectroscopy (January 2005). 60 GHz Frequencies Absorbed by Oxygen February 8, 2020 by Aroy Mak, Web. https://blog.iyannis.com/60-ghz-frequencies-absorbed-by-oxygen/
Jack Heart, pen name for George Esposito, is known for his extensive research and writings that provide high-quality information and authentic alternatives to mainstream narratives on a wide variety of subjects. His life experiences make for a highly intriguing perspective.
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